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Passive earth resistance (Rankine)
Rankine passive coefficient and the passive resistance in front of a wall or footing. Reference: Rankine theory; EN 1997-1 Annex C.
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# Soil in front of the wall
phi := 30 deg
gamma_s := 18 kN/m^3
D_p := 2 m
# Passive resistance
K_p := (1 + sin(phi))/(1 - sin(phi)) =
P_p := 0.5*K_p*gamma_s*D_p^2 = kN/m
# Only a part of the passive resistance is usually relied on, because it needs much larger movement than the active state.How to use this example
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